Once the soil is compacted, tilling the soil leads to the formation of non-uniform, large-sized soil clods that negatively impact seedbed preparation due to a lack of soil uniformity, which prevents consistent planting depth and seedling emergence. Water ways may also be blocked, and it may affect water quality. The erosive capacity of a falling mass of water depends on the energy per unit area of the individual drop. Heavy rain events reduce slope stability by rapidly raising the water table (or groundwater elevation) and by enhancing water drainage through the soil to lower layers. (iii) Give any four soil forming processes (iv) State four causes of soil degeneration 4. a)i) Define the term soil ii) Name three components of soils b)i) Apart from living organisms state four other factors that influence soil formation ii) Explain how living organisms influence soil formation c) i) Distinguish between soil air and soil texture These include slash-and-burn agriculture, continuous mono-cropping and poor nutrient management. Cloud Burst. Black soils occur in regions with a distinct dry season. This leads to water pollution and damage to marine and freshwater habitats. This reduces soil quality and agricultural productivity. The total energy of rain drops has been calculated as being equal to roughly 100 HP on an acre during rainfall of 0.25 cm/hr and 250 HP at 5.0 cm/hr. The accumulation of soil sediments in dams/drainages and along embankments can reduce their operational lifetime and efficiency. Since Organisms are more plentiful these areas, the soil is quickly replaced. The continuous supply of the AR water vapor has considerable hydrologic e ects by causing precipitation of a very long duration [14]. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. Agronomists warn that the growth of upcoming crops is also likely to be affected unless soil nutrient reserves are … The falling drops lift the soil into air and splash it back and forth. How change in temperature affect the weathering process? The action of heavy rain is stronger when there are no trees and the plains are bare. Zoospores can attach to roots, germinate, and infect the plant tissues. (And Do They Mate With Other Species), Causes and Effects of Marine Habitat Loss, 35+ Outstanding Facts About the Planet Earth, Advantages and Importance of Reforestation, Five Different Atmospheric Layers of the Earth, Causes and Effects of Ozone Layer Depletion, Extraordinary Ways to Protect Coral Reefs, Causes and Effects to Environmental Pollution, Causes and Effects of Ocean Acidification. In the first phase, a rainfall intensity of 17.5 mm/h was adopted to ensure that the slope will not produce immediate runoff and erosion. Sign in Register; Hide. Request PDF | Usage of antecedent soil moisture for improving the performance of rainfall thresholds for landslide early warning | Landslides triggered by heavy … Agricultural practices such as burning and clearing of vegetation also reduce the overall vegetation cover. Pierson et al. What other factors add to the erosion of precious soil? Splash erosion makes soil particles more vulnerable to erosion by runoff and increases the amount of sediment available to transport by runoff. The wind picks up the loose soil particles with its natural force and carries them away to far lands, leaving the soil sculptured and denudated. Here are few of the major causes of soil erosion. 2.4. Part of the challenge ahead, she said, lies in demonstrating the value and feasibility of soil-friendly practices to agricultural producers. Soil erosion is a process that involves the wearing away of the topsoil. Soil erosion is a major driver of desertification. Factors affecting weathering are change in temperature, rain, wind, Flowing water, freezing and biological factors. This erosive activity is termed as lateral erosion which extends the valley floor and brings about a narrow floodplain. With time, they can make farming impossible. In some cases, sheet erosion washes away the top layer of soil in one continuous piece (one “sheet”). 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