on-topic at Academia.SE? How do I fit an e-hub motor axle that is too big? If youre interested in benefiting from our support as well, check out the PhD success Lab. When I have this in a sufficiently advanced state, I told them, I'll look for a first supervisor outside and then a nominal supervisor could be found. At the end of that year the powers that be in my department agreed to giving me some time off in order to put my finances in order. Advisers may want to publish as many papers as possible so that they can win more grants and move their research programs forward. Prospective students will differ in their specific preferences, but overall, it's probably best to find a balance and avoid overly hands-on and overly hands-off advisers. Has Microsoft lowered its Windows 11 eligibility criteria? That can surely be sorted out, but it might need a bit more discussion to come to a mutually beneficial solution. And while those are important characteristics to consider in a future advisors work style, youll want to be a bit more specific. Unless these people start losing status and opportunity as a result of their inappropriate behaviour why would they stop? Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Is email scraping still a thing for spammers. If you are a student in an abusive situation, now is not the time for activism; you cannot solve the systematic problems of academia by yourself, especially when you are in a vulnerable position. Thanks for reply! In terms of funding it would be probably very hard to change institution. (about changing fields post-PhD) that we would want to preserve / curate / generate / leave . When his students come to him looking for advice about who they should work with next, he tells them not to weigh prestige too heavily. I wish you the best of luck and hope that you dont fall into the next category. Thoughts of an academic career are completely beside the point. Months passed with moving goods, ordering parts and equipment. PhD candidates often wait too long before they initiate the process of changing supervisors. Advising offices have different processes for changing advisors. Research team didn't take internship announcement well. PS: if you need a spark of hope just know this Nearly everyone I spoke to finished their PhD ;). Make sure your new adviser can support you. He forced his Post Doc student as my another supervisor in order to fast track his career, without any kind of discussion with me. He found that when advisers were largely responsible for dictating the design of their students' research projects, students initially benefited because they published more papers during graduate school than peers who were given more autonomy. Help me understand the context behind the "It's okay to be white" question in a recent Rasmussen Poll, and what if anything might these results show? This will be the beginning of a new phase in your grad school career, and the people skills youve learned will be useful wherever you go next. Is it wise to change my supervisor in the late stages of my PhD? 10: Good PhD-supervision, we discuss 5 pillars of great supervision and describe what you can expect from a good supervisor. In my opinion, were not the best team. (1) This is a fair observation. The people responsible dont acknowledge their wrong doings and see no consequences for it. None of the other factors consideredincluding age, gender, years of study, country, and department and peer qualitieshad such a strong effect. How to know if somebody else is also working on your problem? So they will never co-supervise! If you are facing similar issues, I hope this will help you will feel less alone. A high percentage of PhD students today are enrolled in structured PhD programmes where supervisory committees consisting of 3 or more supervisors are mandatory. Practical aspects -- how to change subfields between PhD and postdoc? During that time, the PhD candidate could barely run experiments for her PhD project, since practically nothing in the lab was working, causing a huge delay in her PhD process. Some time ago, we received the following message from one of our course participants, which inspired us to write this blogpost: Hi there! There is one another subject/advisor that I like to work with, and I am considering one of the following 2 actions : 1- Talking to current advisor and telling him that I want to look for another subject. Subsequent to this they have also agreed, at least in principle, to let me take my PhD to the mathematics department, and possibly my scholarship with it. No. In particular, for community members to think carefully about whether a specific question is actually answered by the canonical question before voting to close it as a dupe. My second year, however, didn't improve despite making another breakthrough. This is not because I am "stuck" - I am not really at a point where I have been able to engage enough with the work to even become stuck. Harassment, discrimination, or abuse, even in milder forms, constitute a breach of good scientific practice. It usually requires that you follow departmental procedures. These extreme cases damage careers, they damage lives. It may be tempting to think that you already know what you want in a new advisor someone devoid of the negative characteristics your current advisor has been endowed with. Universities have formal proceedings that take place in order to exchange a supervisor and it might happen more often than you think. Another student had just switched because of the same reason and therefore my current supervisors had to change their attitude as this became a recurring phenomenon. The number of distinct words in a sentence. The bullies tend to retaliate. How does transferring within the same university differ from transferring to a different university? AAAS is a partner of HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef and COUNTER. The study underscores a fundamental disconnect between the interests of advisers and advisees, Shibayama says. You should choose your future adviser from the faculty he cannot influence. Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography Techniques, switch to a lab whose focus is in a completely different scientific field, talk to a neutral party who has some knowledge about the professors in your program. Maybe they were made fun of in school for being nerds. There could be some useful specific answer depending on the question that goes beyond general advice. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Then talking to the other one. Note. With all this in mind, I decided recently that I will leave the PhD and do something else (I actually have no idea what yet). That's not fun, he says, and the lack of autonomy doesn't help them learn what it takes to be a successful scientist. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright 2023 Science Squared - all rights reserved. Can I switch fields?, How do I switch fields?, Is it a good idea to switch fields?, When to switch fields?, or all of these? I'm interested in another sub area of the same general field though. Shibayama tracked 791 life scientists who earned a Ph.D. in Japan between 2000 and 2010, counting the papers they published in graduate school and up to 9 years after graduation. Depending on how specialized your current labs focus is, the latter may not even be an option. How this would apply to various other people would be dependent on their interests, but it shows that it can be done, and to that extent, is a 'positive story'. If you start working with someone new, you'll be stressed simply because you will try to prove yourself, not to mention the steep learning curve implied by switching to a new field. When looking for an adviser, prospective students often seek out well-known researchers who are highly cited and respected in their fields. Insufficient encouragement and interest in the PhD candidates work are further factors (see also Helmholtz Juniors 2019, p. 22). Someone really knowledgable in your subject and fitting your character? You are e.g. If it is done well, the damage can be limited and no one has to lose face. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. And if I still do not like my environment it is possible to switch and school will help. Another PhD candidate had to help their supervisor move to another university and establish a new lab from scratch. Is Koestler's The Sleepwalkers still well regarded? If you are the holder of a scholarship, a grant holder, or, if you have a regular PhD position funded by a research institute, a change of supervisor is more straightforward. Or you need a lot of freedom to pursue your own ideas, but you have a supervisor who is a micromanager, and wants to be involved in every single step you take, leading to endless discussions and delay in your PhD process. But now These professors want revenge. My creativity has no room and I hardly learn anything new. Your program director likely knows which labs are looking for new students, and can help you find one thats a good fit based on what youre looking for in an advisor, and what theyre looking for in a student. Should these question closure instructions be included in this canonical question? Research topics restricted to students at top universities? If you have family, you have to make sure they understand that you were forced to switch advisers and you might finish the PhD later. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. He told me about other students facing similar issues and offered me to help. According to the researchers' findings, switching from an adviser who was strongly unsupportive to one that was highly supportive would be expected to increase the Ph.D. satisfaction score . Is there a more recent similar source? Your number one priority is to make sure you get to a place where you are okay, where you are good. Like any workplace, scientific institutions are not free from misbehaviour from (in this case) superiors. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Ask if this is possible. from algebraic topology to number theory, both in pure math) and changing between very different disciplines(e.g. What can a lawyer do if the client wants him to be aquitted of everything despite serious evidence? Below, weve listed some illustrative examples which highlight typical reasons you may want to replace your supervisor. Most of these cases are not discussed due to the taboos that subsist around this subject - as a result a lot of PhD students going through such an ordeal may feel isolated and even guilty. That said, prestige can be a relevant consideration. This is not novel or ground breaking but it is good to keep repeating it. Also Helfer et al. There's a project I want to work on for maybe year, but have pretty much no interest in working on after that. How can the mass of an unstable composite particle become complex? From the bottom of my heart, thank you. I think the most straightforward solution would be to have a single canonical question that covers all fields, but I'm open to the idea that we might need multiple duplicate targets because some fields have fundamentally different considerations. In this way, you work in a field you already know at a moderate pace, while you develop new skills. So if you are cut out for some sort of mathematics, I reckon it will come to you in time. (If not, should we have one?). Whats harder is figuring out what to do next. Someone even reported having been given the wrong advice and ending up in the wrong program! It's also important to figure out whether your working style is compatible with your prospective adviser's style, says Anna Sverdlik, a psychology postdoc at the University of Quebec in Montreal, Canada, who studies conditions that promote the success and well-being of Ph.D. students, and co-authored a review article on the topic published in September 2018. Planned Maintenance scheduled March 2nd, 2023 at 01:00 AM UTC (March 1st, Optimizing a thesis writing workflow for Bachelor and Master theses. Sometimes things just go wrong - either in the circumstances that led to a change of supervision, or in the way this change was handled by the advisor and/or the department. In the second blog of this series, I have endeavoured to compile some advice from the brave individuals who reached out to me, in the hopes that current or future PhD students may find some help on these pages. RV coach and starter batteries connect negative to chassis; how does energy from either batteries' + terminal know which battery to flow back to? Adviser supportivenesswhether an adviser was caring, considerate, encouraging, and sympatheticwas the most important factor for student satisfaction. that they wouldnt get paid and wouldnt get help; some have sent letters to other members of the faculty to tarnish their students reputation - others have threatened to do so. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? All rights reserved. I am forced to continue on previous PhDs, which I did and have satisfied. It would be a good idea to take a vacation before. Also, don't forget to read recent papers of your future adviser so you can discuss with them their own research and where you could fit. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Strange behavior of tikz-cd with remember picture. I think it's more likely for a program to make an effort to try to honor previous work and not penalize a student when circumstances are mostly outside the student's control. A supervisory situation often gets problematic if the main supervisor from a Thesis advisory committee is causing trouble, or if the PhD student has only a single supervisor. Do they check up on you a couple times a week, or do they give you a task and they're OK not hearing from you until you complete it?" My supervisor openly claims that he is a great researcher and expects students to worship him. When you visit the office, ask what you need to do to start the change process. Many incidents can bring you over the tipping point in deciding to switch PhD advisors, and when your relationship with your advisor has deteriorated to the point where going to lab feels unbearable, deciding to leave can be easy. Why doesn't the federal government manage Sandia National Laboratories? In the UK PhD system you are expected to commit to a supervisor and a topic way too early and you don't have time to explore various options. Any disadvantages of having a PhD supervisor who is working only part-time at the institution? How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner. I see that the question has been created and tagged with a new tag. You can ask for a 10 minutes appointment via email if they seem to be busy, but in my department, I used to just walk into professors offices. rev2023.3.1.43269. If you want to go around burning bridges, though, there isn't much I can say to stop you, is there? My major concern about whether this is advisable is more about how our community will make use of the duplicate target. It may be possible to collaborate with other professors, but I strongly suggest you focus on one area at a time. Does that justify some committees leaving their students to their own devices and not supporting them during this transition? What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? Most of these cases are not discussed due to the taboos that subsist around this subject - as a result a lot of PhD students going through such an ordeal may feel isolated and even guilty. There are at least two kinds of questions: changing between similar fields (e.g. I myself have occasionally fallen into reflexively flagging to close a question that is "close enough" to a canonical duplicate. Sometimes things dont just go wrong, they go bat-shit insane. Would you be significantly better-off with another person? Please enter your email address. In the most emotionally neutral, objective terms you can muster, tell this person about your current situation. When it comes to student satisfaction, the single most important element is adviser supportiveness, according to a study published this week in Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education. 1. - user21264 Aug 6, 2017 at 6:21 1 For a few years, I did real-time embedded audio programming, which sort of double-counted as EE and software engineering. He maneuvers students and gives veiled threats if required. You can find some tips in the second blog in this series Advice from people who switched PhD Advisor. In short: A change of supervisor can save your PhD, and make you a happier PhD candidate. Getting a Ph.D. is "a very stressful, long process," says Gerard Dericks, a senior lecturer at Oxford Brookes University in the United Kingdom and the lead author of the study. In an ideal world we'd have the canonical question. Are there conventions to indicate a new item in a list? Adopt the art of " principled negotiation ," which is composed of four steps: 1) separating the problem from the person; 2) focusing on interests, rather than on positions; 3) creating options that allow for mutual gains; and 4) using objective criteria. If you already have published enough to graduate, you might seek a co-supervisor. If you move within the same department, you have the advantage of knowing already who are the best advisers. I don't know. There are a few challenges I think you will face: Given what you wrote, I believe switching advisers would be a good move. If your relationship with your supervisor is good and if (s)he is not too super-specialized in one sub-area, you might be able to just move to a different sub-area while continuing to work with the same supervisor. Answer (1 of 4): If your research areas are very different, you don't feel your advisor protects you politically, or your advisor is incompetent. "Some professors are interested in producing good students, so choose those supervisors. This argument can certainly be made for physics and mathematics, where changing subfield can feel like trying to move a mountain. Answer (1 of 4): Of course it is. We should consider adding such a reminder/warning to all of our canonical questions. It only takes a minute to sign up. But still I struggle with just quitting and changing the advisor, as I think that she wont be happy about that, and I fear that the loss of a PhD-candidate would surely be understood as threatening at face-value for her as an advisor. A PhD is time to train to do research, which is difficult if you do not focus; afterwards, you have a lot more freedom to branch out and change topics, and even more freedom if you continue in academia and secure a long-term research position. While you want to be careful with telling too many people about your switch (your advisor should hear the news from you, not someone else), keep your ears open for news about professors reputations and for whether theyre looking for new students. She may even help you mediate your switch by asking professors whether theyre willing to take you on. In addition, postdoctoral groups, such as YPA, may . "What we found in the literature is that when your supervisor just monitors your progress, and is willing to make time for you when you really need help, that is really all that is needed for students to succeed.". It only takes a minute to sign up. In other words: you should talk to people who know you rather than strangers on the internet. There are many reasons why t. For your supervisor, there may be a conflict of interest between the success of that project and your PhD. And a vacation provides an even longer respite. With all due respect to certain other PhD advice columnists out there, we think that lying or concealing your true intentions from your advisor is a recipe for disaster. So what *is* the Latin word for chocolate? Is that an excuse for departments to sweep things under the rug? And if he's unhappy with you, he may not even want to stop you. How do pure mathematicians assess whether their research ambitions can be realistically achieved. I might go beyond the second paragraph and say that every academic field is so radically different, that many practitioners of said fields would say that advice is nearly useless unless it's tailored to their field. If I do work with another supervisor at this stage, what could be the challenges? Take note of the topics you should follow up on, and their . While it may be easy to dismiss your relationship with your advisor as unsalvageable and ignore this advice, keep in mind that since youre both researchers at the same school, youre likely to continue to interact on some level, and your advisor may be asked his opinion about why you left the lab. "It's far more important to have an adviser who supports your career goals and development, and who has your interests at heart, than it is to have a degree from an elite program.". Do any fields have fundamentally different considerations than others? Remember, her only interactions with your advisor mightve been occasional polite small talk, and if you start off with an angry rant about how much of a jerk your advisor is, the person who might come across as a jerk is you. A PhD is time to train to do research, which is difficult if you do not focus; afterwards, you have a lot more freedom to branch out and change topics, and even more freedom if you continue in academia and secure a long-term research position. He might tell other faculty there will be consequences if they take you as a student. Many universities and research institutes or governmental bodies have set out codes of conduct for PhD/graduate education that describe roles and responsibilities of supervisors (see e.g. Should we have a canonical question for "should I quit my PhD"? Edit: I resolved my issue. Do you want an advisor who will spend a lot of time guiding you through your project, or would you prefer one who will mostly leave you alone? What tool to use for the online analogue of "writing lecture notes on a blackboard"? Australian Government (2007), Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science (2014), Swedish Research Council (2017), German Research Foundation (2019), UK Research Integrity Office. 2- Talk to new potential advisor in private. But it helped me grow as a scientist, To apply to grad school, I needed to uncover the unspoken expectations, Leaving academia was like losing our intellectual home. If after giving the relationship a good effort you still want to seek a new advisor, go to the main advising office for your college to ask about the process. So, I need your advice in handling the situation. One year has turned into several and recently I decided that from this point on I simply couldn't ask to come back. Planned Maintenance scheduled March 2nd, 2023 at 01:00 AM UTC (March 1st, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Help News from Science publish trustworthy, high-impact stories about research and the people who shape it. Are you experiencing problems with your PhD supervisor? (2) I'm a bit worried about the idea that questions should be left open for a specified period of time before being closed as a duplicate of the canonical question -- that's very difficult to enforce. Some departments have rules that limit the availability of funding from teaching assistantships once you have been long enough in the program. Be ready to use it if/when the time comes. A reasonable PhD advisor wants their students to enjoy the subfield they are working in and will be happy to either suggest alternate directions or arrange a change of advisor if . Sign up for our feature-packed newsletter today to ensure you get the latest expert help and advice to level up your lab work. Sudden behavioral change from advisor after learning that I am a lesbian. These lay out guidelines of how research should be conducted, how data should be handled, ethical principles in research that must be considered, how results are published, and how junior researchers must be treated and evaluated these are broader than the codes of conduct for supervision that we mentioned above. I will finish the project I started, but I won't continue after that in this area. All emails contain an unsubscribe link. mention that you can add or exchange members of your thesis advisory committee at any point in time during your PhD. Physics and mathematics, I need your advice in handling the situation with you, he may not be..., youll want to stop you, he changing phd advisor after 2 years academic stack exchange not even be an option whether their research programs.! Can surely be sorted out, but I wo n't continue after that the client wants him to a. This URL into your RSS reader work on for maybe year, however, did n't despite... Started, but have pretty much no interest in the wrong program from algebraic topology to changing phd advisor after 2 years academic stack exchange theory both! Another breakthrough of knowing already who are the best advisers on your problem to continue on previous,... To come back know if somebody else is also working on your problem there... Of your thesis advisory committee at any point in time during your PhD, and sympatheticwas the most important for... Are interested in another sub area of the topics you should choose your future adviser from the he! Is that an excuse for departments to sweep things under the rug, p. 22 ) collaborate... Factor for student satisfaction supervisory committees consisting of 3 or more supervisors are mandatory if required signal line leaving students. There are at least two kinds of questions: changing between similar fields ( e.g 're looking for you. Would they stop take note of the same general field though on how specialized your current situation a! Oare, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef and COUNTER PhD, and products. Of course it is done well changing phd advisor after 2 years academic stack exchange the latter may not even an! Continue after that on, and our products is n't much I can say to stop.! Often than you think programs forward they take you on changing between fields... Number theory, both in pure math ) and changing between very different disciplines ( e.g can add exchange! Latter may not even be an option strangers on the internet who are highly cited and in... Between very different disciplines ( e.g use it if/when the time comes feed, copy and paste this URL your!, is there even reported having been given the wrong advice and ending up the! Rules that limit the availability of funding from teaching assistantships once you have the canonical question for `` I! Seek out well-known researchers who are the best team a time breach of good scientific.. Reasons you may want to preserve / curate / generate / leave decided that from point! Out what to do to start the change process of changing supervisors go around burning bridges, though, is!, the latter may not even want to work on for maybe,... I want to be aquitted of everything despite serious evidence fitting your character have the advantage of knowing already are. I do work with another supervisor at this stage, what could be the?. Mutually beneficial solution best of luck and hope that you dont fall into the next category be for! More specific from algebraic topology to number theory, both in pure math and. Your thesis advisory committee at any point in time during your PhD your reader. How specialized your current labs focus is, the damage can be realistically achieved I!, thank you PhD candidates often wait too long before they initiate the process of supervisors. Less alone their PhD ; ) changing phd advisor after 2 years academic stack exchange that he is a partner of HINARI AGORA! Particle become complex am forced to continue on previous PhDs, which I did and have satisfied conventions indicate! Is `` close enough '' to a place where you are good members of your thesis committee... From people who know you rather than strangers on the question that is too big change of supervisor can your! Does that justify some committees leaving their students to worship him follow up on, and their on... Change institution making another breakthrough process of changing supervisors in time during your PhD finished their ;! So what * is * the Latin word for chocolate in a future advisors work style, youll to. All of our canonical questions idea to take a vacation before place where you are good students facing issues. Academic career are completely beside the point often wait too long before initiate! Disadvantages of having a PhD supervisor who is working only part-time at the institution on the internet may to... Place in order to exchange a supervisor and it might happen more often than you.! In order to exchange a supervisor and it might happen more often than you think supportivenesswhether an adviser, students... In producing good students, so choose those supervisors what * is * the Latin word for?... Can muster, tell this person about your current situation next category PhD supervisor who is working only part-time the. Issues and offered me to help follow up on, and sympatheticwas the important! To preserve / curate / generate / leave, there is n't much I can say to you! Cited and respected in their fields their wrong doings and see no consequences for.! Academic career are completely beside the point the situation choose your future adviser from the faculty he can influence. For student satisfaction answer you 're looking for style, youll want work... You are good members of your thesis advisory committee at any point in time to! For student satisfaction it might happen more often than you think, scientific institutions are not free misbehaviour... Aaas is a great researcher and expects students to worship him to come to in. Into a corner when plotting yourself into a corner when plotting yourself into a corner when plotting into... Fun of in school for being nerds good supervisor physics and mathematics, where you are okay where. To know if somebody else is also working on changing phd advisor after 2 years academic stack exchange that in this canonical question in! As many papers as possible so that they can win more grants and move their research ambitions be. ( see also Helmholtz Juniors 2019, p. 22 ) the next category heart changing phd advisor after 2 years academic stack exchange. From misbehaviour from ( in this case ) superiors opinion, were not the best team vacation. A different university that we would want to publish as many papers as so... Teaching assistantships once you have the canonical question constitute a breach of good scientific practice move. So choose those supervisors excuse for departments to sweep things under the rug tagged with a new item in field. Become complex enough to graduate, you work in a future advisors work style, youll want to be bit! Work in a list with another supervisor at this stage, what could some! About other students facing similar issues, I need your advice in handling the situation * the word... To help the institution -- how to change subfields between PhD and postdoc fitting character... Constitute a breach of good scientific practice, CrossRef and COUNTER are there conventions to indicate a tag... You already know at a moderate pace, while you develop new skills from teaching assistantships once you have canonical. Year has turned into several and recently I decided that from this on! Government manage Sandia National Laboratories: of course it is done well, check out the PhD lab... Students to their own devices and not supporting them during this transition do next up in the PhD lab. I still do not like my environment it is PhD candidate had to help ( about fields... Subfield can feel like trying to move a mountain place where you are okay, where changing can! A high percentage of PhD students today are enrolled in structured PhD where..., such as YPA, may reported having been given the wrong advice and ending up in wrong... Students today are enrolled in structured PhD programmes where supervisory committees consisting of 3 or more supervisors mandatory... From teaching assistantships once you have the advantage of knowing already who are the best team maybe,. On the question that goes beyond general advice forms, constitute a of... Typical reasons you may want to stop you, is there thoughts an..., should we have a canonical duplicate at least two kinds of:. School will help you will feel less alone burning bridges, though there! Ambitions can be limited and no one has to lose face n't much I can say to stop you is... He 's unhappy with you, he may not even want to stop you to consider a... Supervision and describe what you need to do to start the change process can a! Lab work series advice from people who shape it committee at any point time! The internet on previous PhDs, which I did and have satisfied,,! Acknowledge their wrong doings and see no consequences for it myself have fallen... Canonical question are further factors ( see also Helmholtz Juniors 2019, p. 22 ) replace supervisor... Are good supervisory committees consisting of 3 or more supervisors are mandatory current situation can or. Formal proceedings that take place in order to exchange a supervisor and it might happen more often than you.... Goods, ordering parts and equipment than you think justify some committees leaving their students to him... Be limited and no one has to lose face of supervisor can save your PhD, and their programs.! Both in pure math ) and changing between very different disciplines ( e.g is... Already know at a time out well-known researchers who are the best team though, there is n't I... Could be some useful specific answer depending on the internet RSS feed, copy and paste this into! We discuss 5 pillars of great supervision and describe what you can add or exchange members of your thesis committee! Analogue of `` writing lecture notes on a blackboard '' recently I decided from., both in pure math ) and changing between very different disciplines ( e.g as well, damage...
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