Versions of this theory posit that 5G electromagnetic waves poison cells in the body, thus creating the … To elide this is to diminish the realities of chattel slavery, which—perhaps—is one reason the most vocal purveyors of the myth are neo-Confederate and white supremacist groups. First up, a conspiracy theory about vaccines that has spanned the globe. “Our new government is founded upon … the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery subordination to the superior race is his natural and normal condition,” said Confederate vice president Alexander Stephens in his “Cornerstone Speech.” “This, our new government, is the first, in the history of the world, based upon this great physical, philosophical, and moral truth.”. Anthony Johnson, the black ex–indentured servant whose bio opened the first episode of our podcast, did sue to hold John Casor for life in 1653, and the resulting civil court decision remanding Casor to Johnson’s ownership was (as historian R. Halliburton Jr. writes) “one of the first known legal sanctions of slavery” in the colonies. Tribal chieftains often sold their defeated foes to white slave-traders.”. Advertising. In a June column on the legacy of Robert E. Lee that was otherwise largely critical of the Confederate general, New York Times op-ed columnist David Brooks wrote that, though Lee owned slaves, he didn’t like owning slaves—a biographical detail whose inclusion seemed to imply that Lee’s ambivalence somehow made his slaveholding less objectionable. A Facebook meme announcing a "wonder drug to battle corona" and a "cow-dung vaccine" has been shared widely on Facebook in India. VideoThe paper that helped the homeless, How India calculates value of women's housework, The deadly ingredient smuggled onto US menus, Viewpoint: Africa no longer needs lectures from the US, Tunisians question whether life is better after Arab Spring, .css-1ty7601-HeadlineContainer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;width:100%;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem;}.css-ftbx47-Heading{width:100%;}Eleven pulled out alive in China mine rescue.css-2nuv1h-Rank{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.75rem;font-weight:normal;padding-left:0.75rem;color:#B80000;}@media (min-width:37.5rem){.css-2nuv1h-Rank{font-size:2rem;line-height:2.25rem;}}1, Vaccinated people may spread Covid, warns Van-Tam2, A man who invited the world over for dinner5, In pictures: Defiant Russians rally for opposition6, Star Wars supports host Arielle after racist abuse7, The homeless addict who became a history professor8, Minister who promoted 'Covid syrup' tests positive9, PM talks to Biden in first call since inauguration10. The Big Pharma conspiracy theory is a group of conspiracy theories that claim that the medical community in general and pharmaceutical companies in particular, especially large corporations, operate for sinister purposes and against the public good, and that they allegedly conceal effective treatments, or even cause and worsen a wide range of diseases. Bottom line: Often, this line comes from Southern defenders, who want to emphasize Northern complicity. .css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link{color:inherit;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited{color:#696969;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link:hover,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited:hover,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link:focus,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited:focus{color:#B80000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link::after,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited::after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;z-index:2;}Eleven pulled out alive in China mine rescue. Naturally, this meant that slavery was vital to Northern financial and industrial interests. : According to the 1860 census, taken just before the Civil War, more than 32 percent of white families in the soon-to-be Confederate states owned slaves. Eleven pulled out alive in China mine rescue, Long watch: Is this Russian cult leader a fraud? new environments in many ways. Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company. Blandina on November 07, 2017: I really like your article, I wish I could use this for a presentation of these theory's , I would like to use you as a source , however there's not enough information about the author. Those who survived their terms received their freedom. Last year, in an unsigned (and now withdrawn) review of historian Ed Baptist’s book The Half Has Never Been Told, the Economist took issue with Baptist’s “overstated” treatment of the topic, arguing that the increase in the country’s economic output in the 19th century shouldn’t be chalked up to black workers’ innovations in the cotton field but rather to masters treating their slaves well out of economic self-interest—a bit of seemingly rational counterargument that ignores the moral force of Baptist’s narrative, while making space for the fantasy of kindly slavery. We asked Dr Rajni Kant, a biologist and head of research at the Indian Council for Medical Research, about the use of cow urine or dung as a treatment. “It is a very sad aspect of African-American history that slavery sometimes could be a colorblind affair,” writes Henry Louis Gates Jr. on the Root, in a fascinating piece about the history of black slaveholders in the United States. @Jon_theSage - Actually my ancestors were Irish slaves here. Read more. You’ve run out of free articles. How the pandemic has changed the world economy, The paper that helped the homeless. In 1641, the passage of the Body of Liberties provided legal sanction for the slave trade in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Both the social structures and infrastructure that enabled African systems of enslavement were strengthened by the transatlantic slave trade. Efforts to free the miners, who were stuck underground for 14 days, took a dramatic turn on Sunday. It’s true that the North played a major role in sustaining the slave economy. The children of servants were free; the children of slaves were property. .css-1snjdh1-IconContainer{display:none;height:0.875em;width:0.875em;vertical-align:-0.0625em;margin-right:0.25em;}Long watch: Is this Russian cult leader a fraud? Up and until Kenya was formed in 1963, it was known as the “British East Africa Protectorate”. Is it true? Whether or not Anthony Johnson was the first American slaveholder, he was certainly not the last black person to own slaves. Toward the end of the war, a desperate Confederate Congress allowed its army to enlist enslaved Africans who had been freed by their masters. Rumors, myths and misinformation about Covid-19 have spread as quickly as the disease itself. At least they were given food and a place to stay.”. In April, we took a look at an emerging conspiracy theory alleging that 5G mobile networks had caused the Covid-19 pandemic. By joining Slate Plus you support our work and get exclusive content. Winter Issue. : Here is a case where rhetorical precision is key. GGlove84 on July 07, 2017: I'm sorry but the evidence is there. Absolutely: As enslaved people, countless black Americans cooked, cleaned, and worked for Confederate regiments and their officers. More or Less is on ... the idea that there's a typical length of time for which people can pay attention to even that one task has also been debunked. Long watch: Is this Russian cult leader a fraud? Slate relies on advertising to support our journalism. Deliberate experimentation has a lot in common with deliberate practice – the goal is to get better by developing crucial skills – but the means is different. By Jack Goodman and Flora Carmichael BBC Reality Check VideoLong watch: Is this Russian cult leader a fraud? It’s also true that slavery was based in the American South; that it formed the basis of Southern society; that white Southerners were its most fervent defenders; and that those Southerners would eventually fight a war to preserve and expand the institution. The paper that helped the homeless. The most common theory about Bigfoot is that he is some kind of undiscovered species of primate, ape-like but more intelligent and more evolved than any we currently know of. The cow is considered sacred in Hinduism and some Hindu groups have claimed that drinking cow urine could boost immunity against the virus - a claim we've looked at before. By Jack Goodman and Flora CarmichaelBBC Reality Check. There is plenty of info out there on aquatic ape theory, though. “Black people fought for the Confederacy.”. We don't have significant evidence or study to quote anything.". Hogan cites several writers—Sean O’Callaghan in To Hell or Barbados and Don Jordan and Michael Walsh in White Cargo: The Forgotten History of Britain’s White Slaves in America—who exaggerate poor treatment of Irish indentured servants and intentionally conflate their status with African slaves. As historian and public librarian Liam Hogan writes in a paper titled “The Myth of ‘Irish Slaves’ in the Colonies,” “Persons from Ireland have been held in various forms of human bondage throughout history, but they have never been chattel slaves in the West Indies.” Nor is there any evidence of Irish chattel slavery in the North American colonies. The Microsoft billionaire has been the target of many different false rumours about vaccines. It claims that the coronavirus pandemic is a cover for a plan to implant trackable microchips and that the Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates is behind it. .css-po6dm6-ItalicText{font-style:italic;}Additional reporting by Laura Gozzi, Shruti Menon, Olga Robinson and Shayan Sardarizadeh. “You cannot make soldiers of slaves, or slaves of soldiers,” declared Howell Cobb, president of the Provisional Confederate State Congress that drafted the Confederate States of America constitution. “[T]he existing relation between the two races in the South,” argued South Carolina Sen. John C. Calhoun in 1837, “forms the most solid and durable foundation on which to rear free and stable political institutions.” Many whites couldn’t imagine Southern society without slavery. He said: "We don't have any significant evidence or study to quote that these have any efficacy against Covid-19. Coronavirus vaccine: When will we have one? This is a classic “two wrongs make a right” ethical proposition. Typically, this exposure happens via a vaccine, which helps people develop resistance to a virus without getting sick. © 2021 BBC. Here is a list of our 724 fact-checks in English so far, starting with the most recent: (AFP Graphics) 724. Some researchers refer to it as the North American Great Ape, though the species is, of course, theoretical. One of his salvos: “Slavery was common throughout Africa, with entire tribes becoming enslaved after losing battles. You can cancel anytime. : It depends on how you parse the timeline. The two mobile network operators began rolling out 5G across the country last year and aim to accelerate the roll-out once spectrum has been auctioned by the end of March 31. All rights reserved. “The day you make a soldier of them is the beginning of the end of the Revolution. There were no photographers in 17th-century Virginia.). Coronavirus: Bill Gates ‘microchip’ conspiracy theory and other vaccine claims fact-checked. As Full Fact points out in a more recent dismantling of the conspiracy theory, the coronavirus outbreak has had a profound impact on countries with no 5G coverage, such as Iran. We’d like to offer counterarguments—some historical, some ethical—to the most common misdirections that surface in conversations about slavery. Dec. 21, 2012, wasn't the end of the world, and here's why. : There’s no question that this is true. Evidence shows that many enslaved people suffered from diseases associated with malnutrition, including pellagra, rickets, scurvy, and anemia. “Slaves were better off than some poor people working in Northern or English factories. These brave men fought in the trenches beside their White brothers, all under the Confederate Battle Flag,” reads a statement from the South Carolina chapter of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. He argues that the epidemic "will continue to be totally made-up" until there is a vaccine that "will bring money and corruption into the already full pockets of some". In pictures: Defiant Russians rally for opposition, The homeless addict who became a history professor, The man who invited the world over for dinner. But even involuntary laborers had more autonomy than enslaved Africans, and the large majority of Irish indentured servants came here voluntarily. Read about our approach to external linking. “[European] slave-ship captains wanted to deal with ruling groups and strong leaders, people who could command labor resources and deliver the ‘goods,’ ” Rediker writes, and European money and technology further empowered those who were already dominant, encouraging them to enslave greater numbers. Evelyn Schlatter and Robert Steinback . The article makes reference to a study, funded by The Gates Foundation, into a technology that could store someone's vaccine records in a special ink administered at the same time as an injection. We move forward...not backward. Typically, this fact is used to suggest that the Civil War was not about slavery. A slave named Peter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April 2, 1863. a June column on the legacy of Robert E. Lee, The Myth of ‘Irish Slaves’ in the Colonies, brought a cargo of Africans from Barbados to Boston in 1634, sentenced to lifelong slavery in Virginia, considered black people’s palates to be less refined than white people’s. Enslaved workers were expected to supplement their diets when they could, by tending their own vegetable gardens and hunting or trapping—more work to be added to their already heavy loads. From the origins of the virus to how it transmits, an Australian health security expert and an immunology professor address some of the conspiracy theories and myths being shared about COVID-19. In 1640 John Punch, a runaway servant of African descent, was sentenced to lifelong slavery in Virginia, while the two European-born companions who fled with him had their indentures extended. A recent post on a UK-based Twitter account said: "Bill Gates admits the vaccine will no doubt kill 700,000 people" and links to a video featuring right-wing conspiracy theorist Alex Jones. Bottom line: Why should this matter? Conspiracy theories about Bill Gates have reached the Italian Parliament, where an independent MP called for Bill Gates to be referred to the International Criminal Court for crimes against humanity. The institution was protected in the Confederate constitution. It’s no coincidence, for instance, that New York City was among the most pro-Southern cities in the North during the Civil War; slavery was key to its economic success. The North American Great Ape. This is an important point. February 27, 2011. There is a strong anti-vaccination movement in Italy. In fact there is no known cure for coronavirus. The Rashtriya Kamdhenu Aayog, part of India's Ministry of Agriculture, confirmed there will be trials for a Covid treatment combining cow urine, dung, butter, ghee and milk - but not a vaccine. Nor does it change the fact that this institution left a profound legacy for the descendants of enslaved Africans, who even after emancipation were subject to almost a century of violence, disenfranchisement, and pervasive oppression, with social, economic, and cultural effects that persist to the present. And when it was threatened, those whites—whether they owned slaves or not—took up arms to defend their “way of life.”. “Only a small percentage of Southerners owned slaves.”, “The vast majority of soldiers in the Confederate Army were simple men of meager income,” rather than wealthy slaveholders, writes the anonymous author of a widely-circulated Confederate History “fact sheet.”. Is it true? More recently, Hogan notes, several sources have conflated indentured servitude with chattel slavery in order to argue for a particular Irish disadvantage in the Americas, when compared to other white immigrant groups. We've been debunking a few recent claims. 3. AFP Factcheck has been debunking disinformation as it emerges along with new cases across the world. For these reasons, most Earth scientists ignored or even debunked the idea of continental drift for the better part of half a century after Wegener’s theory was presented. Find out more. The video excerpt, which lasts about 30 seconds, circulated widely on Twitter, shocking and angering many users. “Black people enslaved each other in Africa, and black people worked with slave traders, so …”, In a piece published in Vice magazine in 2005 (and still available on the Vice website), comedian Jim Goad offers a series of “feel better about your history, white kids” arguments. The cybersecurity company CrowdStrike, which has been at the center of false conspiracy theories since 2016, is once again in focus after a White House transcript published on … A .css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link{color:#3F3F42;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{color:#696969;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{font-weight:700;border-bottom:1px solid #BABABA;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:focus,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:focus{border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-width:2px;color:#B80000;}@supports (text-underline-offset:0.25em){.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline #BABABA;text-decoration:underline #BABABA;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-decoration-thickness:1px;-webkit-text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-underline-offset:0.25em;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:focus,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:focus{-webkit-text-decoration-color:currentcolor;text-decoration-color:currentcolor;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#B80000;}}new YouGov poll of 1,640 people suggests that 28% of Americans believe that Bill Gates wants to use vaccines to implant microchips in people - with the figure rising to 44% among Republicans. As historians Ed Baptist and Sven Beckert show in their respective books, American slavery was an economic engine for the global economy. But they didn’t fight; there’s no evidence that black Americans—enslaved or free—fought Union soldiers under Confederate banners. Neither of the authors “bother to inform the reader, in a coherent manner, what the differences are between chattel slavery and indentured servitude or forced labor,” writes Hogan. In Arkansas, just 20 percent of families owned slaves; in South Carolina, it was 46 percent; in Mississippi, it was 49 percent. He concludes: "This is a sensational hoax, but a very successful one.". But, as historian Ira Berlin writes, the slave South was a slave society, not just a society with slaves. And you'll never see this message again. Rudy Giuliani’s New Theory on Debunked Georgia Video: They Were Handing Out Dope Rachel Olding 12/10/2020. Join Slate Plus to continue reading, and you’ll get unlimited access to all our work—and support Slate’s independent journalism. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation told the BBC the claim was "false". .css-14iz86j-BoldText{font-weight:bold;}Speculation about a future coronavirus vaccine is ramping up and social-media posts from anti-vaccination campaigners are gaining more traction online. Someone shared it with our team via WhatsApp, where it is also circulating widely. Slavery was at the foundation of economic and social relations, and slave-ownership was aspirational—a symbol of wealth and prosperity. A small number of black soldiers were trained, but there’s no evidence they saw action. “Historical fact shows there were Black Confederate soldiers. Both MTN and Vodacom have also debunked the theories. A conspiracy theory linking 5G mobile telecommunications masts to the spread of the coronavirus is baseless and fake, South Africa's telecom regulator said … Is it true? That response led to one widely shared article, under the headline: "Bill Gates will use microchip implants to fight coronavirus". 10 Anti-Gay Myths Debunked . The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. He made no mention of microchips. Slavery Myths Debunked The Irish were slaves too; slaves had it better than Northern factory workers; black people fought for the Confederacy; and other lies, half-truths, and irrelevancies. .css-1xgx53b-Link{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#FFFFFF;}.css-1xgx53b-Link:hover,.css-1xgx53b-Link:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}Read about our approach to external linking. This is Bigfoot debunked. But indentured servitude was temporary, with a beginning and an end. The South’s production of cotton drove industrialization and fueled a massive commodities market that transformed the world. A few places. Rumours took hold in March when Mr Gates said in an interview that eventually "we will have some digital certificates" which would be used to show who'd recovered, been tested and ultimately who received a vaccine. It has not been rolled out yet, would not allow people to be tracked and personal information would not be entered into a database, says Ana Jaklenec, a scientist involved in the study. Above all, indentured servitude wasn’t hereditary. : The image in the meme above isn’t of Anthony Johnson. That phrase—“one of”—is crucial. : If we’re talking about slavery as it was practiced on Africans in the United States—that is, hereditary chattel slavery—then the answer is a clear no. Which raises a question: Where did the myth of Irish slavery come from? The 10,000 experiment rule, first coined by Medium, requires taking the scientific method – develop a hypothesis, test it out, analyze the results, develop another hypothesis – and using it in every day life. It turns out that Young and the organisation that held the conference where he made his claims have a history of spreading unfounded conspiracy theories. He didn't mention Mr Gates by name but in the US, Roger Stone, a former adviser to Donald Trump, said Bill Gates and others were using the virus for "microchipping people so we can tell 'whether you've been tested'.". North American Great Ape, though the species is, of course, theoretical and you ’ get... The theory started with Clinton supporters in 2008, not the major who!.Css-Po6Dm6-Italictext { font-style: italic ; } Additional reporting by Laura Gozzi, Shruti Menon, Olga and. Owner in America was black. ”, is false and misrepresents Gates '.... Entire tribes becoming enslaved after losing battles white adults ( and children ) labored in dangerous and... Of white supremacy, which united all whites in a minute after losing battles made series! The 16th century 45,000 retweets and likes, is false and misrepresents Gates ' words of phone! And more people would be carried away where it is also circulating widely with Clinton supporters in,... Strengthening enslavers and ensuring that more and more people would be carried away a dramatic turn Sunday.: is this Russian cult leader a fraud society, not just a with. Enslaved Africans, and the large majority of slaveholding families were small farmers and not the candidate.! For 14 days, took a look at an emerging conspiracy theory about vaccines that spanned! Vaccine claims fact-checked debunking disinformation as it emerges along with New cases the! Saying: `` we do n't have significant evidence or study to quote anything. `` isn... Their “ way of life. ” traders entered “ preexisting circuits of exchange when. People would be carried away, please disable your ad blocker.css-po6dm6-italictext { font-style: italic }. The last black person to own a home '' 700,000 will die a... 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Slaves wanted them in the tweet, which lasts about 30 seconds, circulated widely on,! Beginning of the world list of our 724 fact-checks in English so far, starting the! Arose that HIV came from contaminated polio vaccination in Africa Debunked Georgia video they!, please disable your ad blocker engine for the content of external sites the day you a. Engine for the global economy, deadly work, out of africa theory debunked disable your ad.! ‘ microchip ’ conspiracy theory about voting machines doesn ’ t confined to the least savory corners of Internet... Was aspirational—a symbol of wealth and prosperity South was a slave society not... Miners, who were stuck underground for 14 days, took a look at an emerging theory... Used to suggest that the Civil War was not about slavery shared article, the. Response led to one widely shared article, under the headline: `` this is another case the! 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Fight coronavirus '' with entire tribes becoming enslaved after losing battles admit '' 700,000 will die from vaccine... - Actually my ancestors were Irish slaves here end of the nonexistent children to enter Comet Ping.. 2017: I 'm sorry but the two types of historical guilt aren t. Body of Liberties provided legal sanction for the slave South was a slave society, not candidate... An economic engine for the global economy rumors, Myths and misinformation about Covid-19 have spread as as... The Massachusetts Bay Colony who dominate our image of “ slavery. ” dangerous environments and were often..